Articles Tagged with “Miami Sales Tax Attorney”

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For the past few years, I have been writing a number of blogs and articles recently discussing the Department of Business and Professional Regulation here in Florida and its potentially unfair audit tactics. Many of you have seen cigar wrappers, or the more scientifically described “blunt wraps,” at convenience stores and gas stations throughout the state and country. Are those items tobacco products subject to Florida’s other tobacco products tax? On January 9, 2015, our first case went to hearing on the taxability of blunt wraps in Brandy’s – Amen Complaint.pdf
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Most states attempt to encourage manufacturers to set up a business in their state. Manufacturers typically provide numerous benefits to a state’s economy such as job creation. One of the carrots typically used by a state is to offer sales and use tax incentive for a manufacturing company. In almost every state with a sales and use tax, machinery and equipment purchased for use in the manufacturing process is exempt from tax. What if a glass manufacturer purchased chemicals, such as nitrogen and hydrogen for use in its glass manufacturing process? Would that be a tax exempt purchase of equipment?
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Although nexus sounds like a terrible disease, it is just a fancy word meaning a connection or link. If a company has enough of a connection or link to a state, then the state can impose its power of the company. With nexus, a state can impose its laws on the business including sales tax laws. From a sales tax perspective it can require the business to charge, collect, and remit state taxes such as sales tax. In 1992, Quill v. North Dakota was decided, which announced that having a physical presence in a state was sufficient nexus to require a company to follow a state’s state and local tax laws. In other words if your business has an office, a warehouse, some inventory, or a person (employee and yes, an independent contractor) then it likely has nexus under the physical presence test in Quill.

For life in the 1990’s this was big news to businesses who engaged in innovative marketing. Businesses that were on the cutting edge that sent things like mail order catalogs and floppy disks to solicit customers were being harassed by states alleging they had nexus. Today, with the internet as the backbone to the modern economy, states are trying the same tactics by creating laws to get more companies under its rule.

In 2008, New York led the innovative charge for click through nexus legislation. Also known as the “Amazon law,” due to its perceived targeting of Amazon, New York created a law that if a New York residents website generated over a certain number of sales in a 12 month period for a particular company, then there was a presumption that such company had nexus in New York. Amazon and Overstock took exception with this law, but ultimately lost at New York’s highest court. Unfortunately, the Supreme Court of the United States declined to hear the case.
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In order to limit liability, many tax professionals and attorneys offer simple advice to their business clients who also own real estate. In order to avoid exposure to valuable real estate, many business owners are advised to segregate the risky business operations into its own legal entity separate from the real estate. While it may be worthwhile from a business liability standpoint, it is often a recipe for disaster for Florida sales tax purposes.

Florida is the only state that taxes commercial rent. In fact, many tax professionals take it a step further. Man times, for federal tax and cash flow purposes, attorneys set up a lease between the real estate entity and the business entity, often equal to the mortgage, insurance, and property tax costs. In other situations, and often with no formal lease in place, the corporate attorney will just have the business entity pay the mortgage, property insurance, and real estate taxes directly on behalf of the real estate company. Whether there is a lease, or if the tenant company pays the expenses directly, or even if the companies are related then Florida sales tax still applies. Below are 4 simple rules to keep in mind when it comes to Florida sales tax on commercial rent Continue reading

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In early 2014 I wrote an article that explores a way in which many state and local tax “SALT” professionals advise their clients to save on state and local tax. The issue is a common one for real property improvement contractors. Specifically companies that sell real property improvements to governments or other tax exempt entities, there is a real incentive to save on high sales tax rates. What if instead of selling a real property improvement, the company separated itself into two separate legal entities. Company 1 could sell tangible personal property, tax free, to the tax exempt entity/governmental entity. Company 2 could install the tangible personal property tax free because they are only providing a service. Assuming both companies had separate contracts, the entire transaction would escape sales and use tax in most states. Conversely, if a single company purchased materials and used them in a real property improvement, then it would owe tax on all of its purchases. This savings is often substantial.
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Many state and local tax (“SALT”) practitioners often refer to state and local transaction taxes as “gotcha” taxes. Over ambitious state agencies seek to extort money from businesses all the time by using fire first, ask question later type tactics. SALT auditors write up whatever they can as taxable and force businesses to prove them wrong. Similar to state and local sales and use taxes, motor fuel tax can often be a mine field for the unsuspecting business. In a 2014 decision, a Pennsylvania court agreed with the revenue agency’s “gotcha” mentality in Luther P Miller Inc v. Pennsylvania, 88 A. 3d 304 (Pa. Comm’w Ct 2014).
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Anytime I need a gift for just about any reason, 1-800 Flowers or Flowers.com, is where I turn to first. The online retailers make it incredibly easy for someone who needs as much help as I normally do to send gifts to others. I can just go online, pick one of their pre-packaged gifts, give them my credit card, and then the recipient magically receives the gift as quickly as I need it. Recently, the Florida Department of Revenue decided that it is entitled to sales tax whether the flowers are delivered in Florida or outside of its borders. Being that this is contrary to normal sales tax destination rules, the taxpayer decided to fight back.
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Anytime a state agency, such as the Florida Department of Revenue (“FL DOR”) gets their hands on third party reporting, you can rest assured they will be coming after that industry in full force. In 2011, the FL DOR passed a law that required wholesalers of alcohol and tobacco to report all of their sales to retailers directly to the FL DOR. Being that the FL DOR knew what each convenience store, liquor store, restaurant, and bar bought by way of beer and cigarettes, they could easily compare them to the same retailer’s sales tax returns. For those that the FL DOR suspected of underreporting or just pocketing the sales tax, the investigation letters started in late 2011 followed by some 200 audit notices per quarter in early 2012. Now about three years later, one can only suspect that the next FL DOR “campaign” will be focused on the next industry in which the FL DOR could most easily get it hands on. So who’s next?

For years the Department of Revenue had access to DMV reports that could show the cars being sold by a retailer with a Florida dealer license. In late 2013 through early 2014, our friends in Tallahassee formulated a methodology that more quickly, efficiently, and accurately compared the DMV reports and warned us the notices were coming. With that in mind, we knew the auto industry was next on the FL DOR’s hit list.
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It never ceases to amaze me, the wide variety of companies that state agencies attempt to extort money from. Most states impose a sales tax on the sale or rental of tangible personal property. But what happens when the sale is part tangible personal property, part service (“known to the sales and use tax attorney as a “mixed transaction”)? Is the entire transaction subject to tax? Many states take the incredibly helpful, “it depends” approach and look to an even more helpful “object of the transaction” test. In reality, it truly seems like state agencies and courts reach a conclusion and fill in the reasons later.

By way of brief background, since the mid-1900’s, when states enacted their first versions of a sales tax, many courts created this “object of the transaction” test. The test attempted to formulate what the customer was really buying, product vs service. If it was a service then it is generally not taxable, but if it is a product then it typically is subject to sales tax. For example, if you went to a lawyer for advice and left with a tangible document, like a will, then you were obviously buying a service and the will was incidental. Conversely, if one goes to a restaurant, they are clearly buying the food, not the service involved in a chef using his or her expertise to put a well tasting meal together. Viewing everything in this light, one can make an argument in virtually any item it buys. If you buy a photo are you buying the tangible photo or the artistic service involved in taking or creating the picture? At the dentist’s office are you buying a professional service or the tangible cavity filling when you get your tooth fixed? The list can go on and on.
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Now more than ever Amazon has been a one stop shop for many consumers. Not only can you buy just about anything you can think of on the Amazon website, but you can also receive lightning fast delivery of whatever you buy. Over the past few years, Amazon has taken their company to the next level. Now, in addition to selling items, Amazon provides a fulfillment service to online retailers.

As Amazon puts it, their fulfillment business “helps you grow your online business by giving you access to Amazon’s world-class fulfillment resources and expertise.” Simply put, the online retailer sends their products to Amazon. Amazon stores the item at one of its distribution centers. Once the item is purchased, Amazon packs and ships your product to the customer. In addition, Amazon provides customer support. While it certainly charges a fee for its services, Amazon boasts that retailers’ sales significantly increase. However, from a state and local tax perspective, this can create a ticking time bomb for the online retailer.
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